"Projects, curios and musings from the trailing edge" - a blog to complement the RetroMat website


Sunday, May 10, 2026

From Kepler's third law to the inverse-square law

When a small object orbits a massive one, such as a moon going about its planet, say, it experiences an acceleration towards it. In perfect circular motion (an approximation), that acceleration is: r⍵²,where r is the radius of the orbit and  is its angular speed, which is 2π/t, where t is its orbital period. We know this from Newton.

We know also from Kepler's third law that

r³/t² = k,

where k is the Kepler 'constant' for that system. 

Hence the acceleration 

r⍵² = r4π²k/r³ = 4π²k/r²

This is the famous inverse-square law for the gravitational force (also from Newton of course).

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